The Stevens Model 311 12 gauge double barrel shotgun holds a significant place in firearms history, known for its reliability, affordability, and versatility. This guide delves deep into this classic firearm, exploring its features, history, variations, and what makes it a sought-after shotgun for both collectors and shooters.
A Legacy of American Gunmaking
The Stevens Model 311, manufactured by J. Stevens Arms Company (later acquired by Savage Arms), represents a significant era in American shotgun production. Its production spanned several decades, solidifying its reputation as a workhorse shotgun capable of handling various hunting and sporting applications. The relatively simple design and robust construction contributed to its popularity and enduring legacy. Unlike some more ornate shotguns, the 311 prioritized functionality and durability, making it a practical choice for generations of hunters and shooters.
Key Features and Specifications
The Stevens Model 311 typically features:
- 12 Gauge: Chambered for the popular 12-gauge shotshell, making ammunition readily available.
- Double Barrel: The defining characteristic, offering two barrels for quick follow-up shots. Most models were side-by-side configurations.
- Break-Action: The barrels hinge open at the breech for loading and unloading. This simple mechanism is known for its reliability.
- Steel Construction: The receiver and barrels were typically constructed from steel, ensuring durability and longevity. (Note that variations exist, and some components might be made of different materials depending on the specific model and year of manufacture.)
- Variety of Barrel Lengths: Different barrel lengths were offered, catering to different hunting styles and preferences. Shorter barrels were favored for close-quarters shooting, while longer barrels provided increased accuracy at longer ranges.
- Simple Sights: Generally equipped with basic bead sights, focusing on practical aiming rather than elaborate sighting systems.
Variations and Identifying Marks
Identifying specific variations of the Stevens Model 311 can be challenging due to the length of its production run and the various configurations. Careful examination of markings on the receiver and barrel, along with considering the barrel length and overall condition, is crucial for proper identification and valuation. Collectors often refer to detailed catalogs and resources specializing in vintage firearms to accurately identify specific model years and variations.
The Stevens Model 311 in the Field
The simplicity and ruggedness of the Stevens Model 311 made it ideal for various applications, including:
- Hunting: A reliable choice for hunting small game, upland birds, and even larger game at closer ranges (with appropriate shot sizes).
- Trap Shooting: While not explicitly designed for trap, its reliability and ease of use made it a suitable choice for some shooters.
- Home Defense: Given its firepower and stopping power, some individuals used this model for home defense, though modern shotguns designed specifically for home defense are generally recommended.
Important Safety Note: Proper handling and safety procedures are paramount when using any firearm. Always ensure that the gun is unloaded before handling, and always follow safe firearm practices. Seek professional training if you are unfamiliar with firearm safety.
Collecting the Stevens Model 311
The Stevens Model 311 is becoming increasingly popular among firearms collectors. Its history, affordability (compared to some more high-end double-barreled shotguns), and availability contribute to this growing interest. The condition of the firearm greatly impacts its value. Well-preserved examples in excellent condition command higher prices than those exhibiting significant wear or damage.
Conclusion
The Stevens Model 311 12 gauge double barrel shotgun stands as a testament to American firearm ingenuity. Its simple design, robust construction, and versatility have ensured its place in history. Whether used for hunting, sporting, or collecting, the Stevens Model 311 remains a significant and valued firearm. Remember always to handle firearms safely and responsibly.
