The Winchester Model 70 is a legendary rifle, and pre-64 versions are highly sought after by collectors and shooters alike. Distinguishing a pre-64 Model 70 from its post-64 counterparts requires a keen eye for detail and a good understanding of the changes Winchester implemented in 1964. This guide will walk you through the key identifying features. Remember, always handle firearms safely and responsibly.
Key Differences Between Pre-64 and Post-64 Winchester Model 70s
Winchester's 1964 redesign of the Model 70 was significant, altering several key aspects of the rifle's design and manufacturing. Understanding these differences is crucial for identification.
1. The Receiver Ring
This is arguably the most reliable indicator.
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Pre-64: Features a controlled-round-feed (CRF) system with a full-length receiver ring encircling the entire receiver. This ring is a one-piece forging, contributing to the rifle's strength and robustness.
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Post-64: Employs a push-feed system and has a partially-encircled receiver. The receiver ring is noticeably shorter, only covering a portion of the receiver. This is a significant cost-saving measure, contributing to the difference in build quality often discussed by collectors.
2. Bolt Design
The bolt itself provides another distinguishing feature:
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Pre-64: Features a three-position safety with a distinct "wing" safety. The bolt handle is typically longer, more robust, and slightly curved. The claw extractor is also a key characteristic; pre-64 bolts have a robust claw extractor that's an integral part of the bolt.
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Post-64: Usually features a two-position safety, lacking the prominent wing. The bolt handle is often shorter and straighter, and the claw extractor is often simpler in design.
3. Bottom Metal
The floorplate and trigger guard assembly offer subtle but important clues:
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Pre-64: Generally, the bottom metal is one-piece, highly polished, and often exhibits exceptional fit and finish.
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Post-64: Often features separate floorplate and trigger guard components, sometimes showing less refined craftsmanship.
4. Markings and Serial Numbers
While not always definitive on their own, markings can provide supporting evidence:
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Pre-64: Often feature a distinctive Winchester logo and clear, crisp markings. Serial numbers often follow a specific pattern, though the system varied somewhat across different years and models.
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Post-64: Markings might show variations in font and style compared to earlier versions. Examine the serial number location; its placement may offer a clue. However, this alone is not enough to confirm or deny pre-64 status.
5. Stock and Finish
While not directly tied to the year of manufacture, stock features and wood quality can sometimes offer circumstantial clues. High-grade pre-64 rifles are often known for their superior wood quality and detailed checkering, but this isn't always consistent across the production run.
Beyond the Visual Inspection: Additional Considerations
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Expert Appraisal: For high-value rifles, seeking professional appraisal from a qualified firearms appraiser is always recommended. They possess the expertise to accurately identify the rifle's age and authenticity.
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Winchester's Records: While access may be limited, Winchester's historical records could potentially provide information about a particular serial number and its production date.
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Online Forums and Communities: Engaging with experienced collectors and enthusiasts in online forums dedicated to Winchester rifles can be a valuable resource for assistance in identification.
By carefully examining the receiver ring, bolt, bottom metal, and markings, and using this guide as a checklist, you can significantly increase your chances of correctly identifying a pre-64 Winchester Model 70. Remember, handling firearms responsibly is paramount. If you are unsure about any aspect of firearm identification, seek professional assistance.
