Squirrel hunting is a popular pastime for many, offering a rewarding outdoor experience and a delicious meal. Choosing the right ammunition is crucial for a clean, ethical kill and a successful hunt. While many options exist, selecting the best 12-gauge shot for squirrels requires understanding shot size, payload, and the limitations of your firearm. This guide will help you make an informed decision.
Understanding Shot Size and Payload
The key to successful squirrel hunting with a 12-gauge shotgun lies in choosing the right shot size and payload. Too large a shot can cause excessive damage, while too small a shot lacks the stopping power needed for a humane kill at longer ranges.
Shot Size: Smaller is Better
For squirrels, you'll want to use a smaller shot size. Number 6 shot is generally considered the best all-around option. It offers a good balance of penetration and pattern density, making it effective at the typical ranges encountered when hunting squirrels. Number 4 shot can also be used, especially at closer ranges, but it's more likely to cause excessive damage. Avoid larger shot sizes like #2 or larger – they're simply too destructive for squirrels.
Payload: Finding the Sweet Spot
Payload refers to the amount of shot in each shell. While a higher payload might seem appealing, it's not always the best choice for squirrel hunting. Overly heavy payloads can lead to excessive recoil, making follow-up shots more difficult, and potentially causing more damage than necessary. A standard payload of around 7/8 ounce is generally sufficient for hunting squirrels with a 12-gauge.
Choosing the Right Ammunition
With the ideal shot size and payload in mind, let's look at specific ammunition types to consider:
Lead Shot: The Traditional Choice
Lead shot is the traditional and most common choice for hunting, offering excellent penetration and pattern density. However, lead shot is increasingly restricted in many areas due to environmental concerns. Check your local regulations before using lead shot.
Steel Shot: The Environmentally Friendly Alternative
Steel shot is a popular alternative to lead, posing less environmental risk. However, steel shot is generally harder and lighter than lead, meaning it may have slightly less penetration at longer ranges. If using steel shot, you might consider using a slightly smaller shot size (like #5) to compensate for this reduced penetration.
Other Alternatives: Bismuth and Non-toxic Options
Other non-toxic shot options exist, including bismuth and various other alloys. These are generally more expensive than lead or steel but offer superior performance, often closely matching lead in terms of pattern density and penetration.
Factors to Consider Beyond Shot Size and Payload
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Choke: Your shotgun's choke significantly impacts shot pattern. A modified or improved cylinder choke is generally recommended for squirrel hunting. A tighter choke will give you a tighter pattern at longer ranges, but it can also lead to less overall shot spread.
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Range: Keep your shots within a reasonable range, generally under 30 yards. Beyond this range, the pattern spreads out considerably, reducing accuracy and making a clean kill less likely.
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Ethical Considerations: Always prioritize an ethical and humane kill. Ensure you have a clear shot and aim for a vital area.
Conclusion
Selecting the right 12-gauge shot for squirrel hunting is crucial for a successful and ethical hunt. While individual preferences may vary, Number 6 shot with a 7/8 ounce payload is a great starting point. Remember to consider lead restrictions in your area, choose the appropriate choke for your shotgun, and prioritize ethical hunting practices. Always check local and state regulations regarding hunting methods and ammunition before you head out.
