Choosing the right cartridge for long-range shooting or hunting depends heavily on the specific application. Both the .338 Lapua Magnum and the .45-70 Government are powerful cartridges, but they cater to different needs and have distinct advantages and disadvantages. This comparison will delve into the key differences to help you determine which cartridge best suits your requirements.
Ballistics: A Tale of Two Cartridges
The most significant difference lies in their ballistics. The .338 Lapua Magnum is a modern, long-range cartridge designed for extreme accuracy and distance. Its higher velocity and flatter trajectory make it ideal for precision shooting at extended ranges, often exceeding 1,500 yards. This cartridge is favored by military snipers and long-range competitive shooters.
The .45-70 Government, on the other hand, is a much older cartridge with a history stretching back to the late 19th century. While it packs a considerable punch at closer ranges, its lower velocity and heavier bullet result in a more pronounced bullet drop and trajectory arc. It's known for its devastating stopping power on large game animals at shorter to medium ranges.
Here's a simplified comparison of key ballistic characteristics (note that these will vary based on bullet weight, powder load, and barrel length):
| Feature | .338 Lapua Magnum | .45-70 Government |
|---|---|---|
| Velocity | Significantly higher | Significantly lower |
| Trajectory | Flatter | Arcing |
| Effective Range | Extremely long (1500+ yards) | Medium (300-500 yards) |
| Recoil | High | High (but manageable) |
Applications: Precision vs. Power
The intended use case drastically influences the choice between these two cartridges.
.338 Lapua Magnum Applications:
- Long-range precision shooting: This is the cartridge's primary strength. Its accuracy and flat trajectory are unmatched at extreme distances.
- Military sniping: Widely adopted by military forces worldwide for its long-range capabilities.
- Long-range hunting: Effective for large game at extended ranges, though the recoil demands significant practice and proper shooting technique.
.45-70 Government Applications:
- Hunting large game at close to medium ranges: Its massive stopping power makes it ideal for dangerous game like bears and moose within its effective range.
- Black powder cartridge shooting (historic): The .45-70 enjoys significant popularity amongst enthusiasts of black powder shooting.
- Lever-action rifles: Many classic lever-action rifles are chambered in .45-70, contributing to its enduring appeal.
Weaponry and Availability
The .338 Lapua Magnum generally requires purpose-built bolt-action rifles, often featuring heavier barrels for enhanced accuracy and recoil management. These rifles tend to be more expensive than those chambered in .45-70.
The .45-70, conversely, is available in a wider range of firearms, including bolt-action, lever-action, and even single-shot rifles. This broader selection offers more affordability and versatility.
Recoil and Handling
Both cartridges have significant recoil. The .338 Lapua Magnum’s higher velocity translates to a sharper, more noticeable recoil. The .45-70 Government, while less snappy, still delivers substantial recoil, but it is often considered more manageable for many shooters. Proper shooting technique and recoil mitigation strategies are crucial with both cartridges.
Conclusion: The Right Tool for the Job
The choice between the .338 Lapua Magnum and the .45-70 Government hinges entirely on the intended application. If you need extreme accuracy and range, the .338 Lapua Magnum is the clear winner. If you prioritize stopping power at closer ranges and appreciate the history and versatility of a classic cartridge, the .45-70 Government remains a potent and reliable choice. Consider your specific needs and shooting experience before making a decision.
